Root account in Ubuntu 8.04 Hardy Heron

Understanding on account in ubuntu will help us when we want to modify our ubuntu system or when we want to install an application or computer drivers which have special privileges.

First time when we installing an ubuntu 8.04 Operating System to our computer or laptop, we will be asked to enter an account username and password. The username and password that has been created then will be used to enter to the ubuntu system, change or update some system files, to add/remove program, etc. But we must understand that the account we have created when installing ubuntu actually not have a full privileges (based on my experience). So some action or syntact (in terminal window) we can't do when using that account. For full privileges we must login as root.

This is my example case. Please refer to my other post : "Wifi activation on Ubuntu 8.04 Hardy Heron". In the step number 6, the syntact ndiswrapper -m and ndiswrapper -ma must typed using root login. It's mean we can't execute those syntact using the account which we have created when installing ubuntu.

How we login as root ???

May be the way to login as root that I publish is not the only one, if there is another simple way please notify ....

OK let start to login as root in our ubuntu operating system.

1. Reboot your computer/laptop

2. Go to booting menu in ubuntu system

To go to booting menu, type Esc key when booting in progress. As comparison in windows operating system usually we use F8 key to go to the booting menu.

Booting menu in standart ubuntu 8.04 system consist of these lists:
*. Ubuntu 8.04, kernel 2.6.24-16-generic
*. Ubuntu 8.04, kernel 2.6.24-16-generic (recovery mode)
*. Ubuntu 8.04, memtest86+
*. Other Operating System:
*. (The other operating system will be listed here when we use more than 1 operating system)

Please select to Ubuntu 8.04, kernel 2.6.24-16-generic (recovery mode) and then press enter. Then we will go to recovery menu.

3. Recovery menu

The recovery menu consist of these list:
*. resume
*. root
*. xfix

Select to root and then we will go to a command line as root (at the bottom of window).

We have done login as root. Now we can type all syntact that need root login. Refer to my example case, the syntact ndiswrapper -m and ndiswrapper -ma now will successfully executed.

To leave the command line, just type exit and then choose resume ...... now we will go to the ubuntu system like usual.

Wifi activation on Ubuntu 8.04 Hardy Heron

Dear all,

Now i try to publish steps to activate wifi on Ubuntu 8.04 Hardy Heron.

Again, I use laptop Acer Aspire 4520 AMD Turion64 X2, atheros wireless.

Let start:

1. Open Terminal window to write a command line.

Applications -> Accessories -> Terminal

2. Download ndiswrapper (make sure that you are already connected to the internet)

Type on the terminal these three command step by step :

sudo apt-get install ndiswrapper-common

sudo apt-get install ndisgtk

sudo apt-get install ndiswrapper-utils-1.9

3. Install Windows Wireless Driver Application.

In this case i use add/remove program.

Applications -> Add/Remove...

Click on System Tools, and then check on the Windows Wireless Drivers checkbox.

Continue with Apply changes.

4. Download your wireless device driver (net5211.inf file).

In case of you use atheros, just type "atheros xp" on the google.

make sure that you get file net5211.inf

save on a location.

5. Set file net5211.inf using Windows Wireless Drivers application.

System -> Administration -> Windows Wireless Drivers

Click on the "Install New Driver" and browse the location of file net5211.inf

Click install.

Now the driver has been installed.

To check it out, type on the terminal : ndiswrapper -l

The command should generate a response like this :

===========================================

engineer@BS001NB:~$ ndiswrapper -l
net5211 : driver installed
device (168C:001C) present (alternate driver: ath_pci)
engineer@BS001NB:~$

===========================================

6. ndiswrapper -m and ndiswrapper -ma

In using this command, based on my experience, you must login as root (plese refer to my other post: "Root account in Ubuntu 8.04 Hardy Heron" for more detail about root login).

Type on the terminal (root login) step by step:

ndiswrapper -m

ndiswrapper -ma

7. Check weather wifi succeed activated or not.

Type on the termonal : iwconfig

The command should appears wlan0 on the list, indicated that wifi has been activated.

8. Install a wifi manager application.

In this case i use RutilT WLAN Manager

You can use Add/Remove program to install that application.

Applications -> Add/Remove...

Click on Internet, and then check on the RutilT WLAN Manager checkbox.

Continue with Apply changes.

8. That's All.

Nokia 7600 modem on Ubuntu 8.04 Hardy Heron via bluetooth

Detail of my device :

* Nokia 7600 Mobile phone
* GSM SIM Card : Indosat IM3

My Access Point Name (APN) : indosatgprs
My username : gprs
My Password : im3

* Notebook : Acer Aspire 4520, AMD Turion64 X2
* Usb Bluetooth Dongle : Apollyon
* Operating system : Linux Ubuntu 8.04 Hardy Heron

Here are the steps:

1. Make sure bluetooth has been activated on phone and set to discoverable.

2. Use Terminal to write a command line.

Applications -> Accessories -> Terminal

3. Install gnome-bluetooth and bluez-gnome ( optimal )

Type on terminal : sudo apt-get install gnome-bluetooth bluez-gnome

Here are the response :

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

engineer@engineer-laptop:~$ sudo apt-get install gnome-bluetooth bluez-gnome
[sudo] password for engineer:
Reading package lists... Done
Building dependency tree
Reading state information... Done
gnome-bluetooth is already the newest version.
bluez-gnome is already the newest version.
0 upgraded, 0 newly installed, 0 to remove and 216 not upgraded.
engineer@engineer-laptop:~$

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

4. Edit file /etc/bluetooth/hcid.conf

Type on terminal : sudo gedit /etc/bluetooth/hcid.conf
Change "security user;" to "security auto;"

This is the result after edited:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#
# HCI daemon configuration file.
## HCId options
options {
# Automatically initialize new devices
autoinit yes;

# Security Manager mode
#   none - Security manager disabled
#   auto - Use local PIN for incoming connections
#   user - Always ask user for a PIN
#
security auto;

# Pairing mode
#   none  - Pairing disabled
#   multi - Allow pairing with already paired devices
#   once  - Pair once and deny successive attempts
pairing multi;

# Default PIN code for incoming connections
passkey "1234";
}

# Default settings for HCI devices
device {
# Local device name
#   %d - device id
#   %h - host name
name "%h-%d";

# Local device class
class 0x000100;

# Default packet type
#pkt_type DH1,DM1,HV1;

# Inquiry and Page scan
iscan enable; pscan enable;
discovto 0;

# Default link mode
#   none   - no specific policy
#   accept - always accept incoming connections
#   master - become master on incoming connections,
#            deny role switch on outgoing connections
lm accept;

# Default link policy
#   none    - no specific policy
#   rswitch - allow role switch
#   hold    - allow hold mode
#   sniff   - allow sniff mode
#   park    - allow park mode
lp rswitch,hold,sniff,park;

}

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

save file, close gedit window and back to the terminal.

5. Restart bluetooth service

Type on terminal : sudo /etc/init.d/bluetooth restart

Here are the response :

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

engineer@engineer-laptop:~$ sudo /etc/init.d/bluetooth restart
* Restarting bluetooth                                                  [ OK ]
engineer@engineer-laptop:~$

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

6. Find the Nokia Modem MAC address.

Type on terminal : hcitool scan

Here are the response :

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

engineer@engineer-laptop:~$ hcitool scan
Scanning ...
00:0E:6D:1B:C3:89    ba_dank~7600
engineer@engineer-laptop:~$

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See that my modem MAC address is 00:0E:6D:1B:C3:89 with device name is  ba_dank~7600

7. Find the dial-up channel of the modem.

Type on terminal : sdptool search DUN

Here are the response :

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

engineer@engineer-laptop:~$ sdptool search DUN
Inquiring ...
Searching for DUN on 00:0E:6D:1B:C3:89 ...
Service Name: Dial-up networking
Service RecHandle: 0x10002
Service Class ID List:
"Dialup Networking" (0x1103)
"Generic Networking" (0x1201)
Protocol Descriptor List:
"L2CAP" (0x0100)
"RFCOMM" (0x0003)
Channel: 1
Language Base Attr List:
code_ISO639: 0x656e
encoding:    0x6a
base_offset: 0x100
Profile Descriptor List:
"Dialup Networking" (0x1103)
Version: 0x0100engineer@engineer-laptop:~$

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

See that my modem is on channel 1

8. edit file /etc/bluetooth/rfcomm.conf

Type on terminal : sudo gedit /etc/bluetooth/rfcomm.conf
I type my device MAC address and my device channel.

See the result after edited.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

#
# RFCOMM configuration file.
#rfcomm0 {
# Automatically bind the device at startup
bind yes;

# Bluetooth address of the device
device 00:0E:6D:1B:C3:89;

# RFCOMM channel for the connection
channel    1;

# Description of the connection
comment "ba_dank 7600 Modem";
}

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

save file, close gedit window and back to the terminal.

9. Activate rfcomm

Type on terminal : sudo rfcomm bind 0 <MAC Adress device> <Channel>
In my case i type : sudo rfcomm bind 0 00:0E:6D:1B:C3:89 1
(Remember my modem MAC address and channel)

Here are the response :

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

engineer@engineer-laptop:~$ sudo rfcomm bind 0 00:0E:6D:1B:C3:89 1
engineer@engineer-laptop:~$

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

10. edit file /etc/wvdial.conf

Type on terminal : sudo gedit /etc/wvdial.conf

My dialer name : indosat
My APN : indosatgprs
My Username : gprs
My Password : im3

Customize with yours ........

This is the result after edited:

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

[Dialer indosat]
Modem = /dev/rfcomm0
Baud = 460800
Init1 = ATZ
Init2 = ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 &D2 +FCLASS=0
Init3 = AT+CGDCONT = 1,"IP","indosatgprs","",0,0
Modem Type = Analog Modem
ISDN = 0
Phone = *99#
Username = "gprs"
Password = "im3"

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

save file, close gedit window and back to the terminal.

11. Connect and run the modem.

Type on terminal : wvdial <dialer name>
In my case I type : wvdial indosat

Here are the response (the response indicated a successfull connection to modem) :

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

engineer@engineer-laptop:~$ wvdial indosat
--> WvDial: Internet dialer version 1.60
--> Cannot get information for serial port.
--> Initializing modem.
--> Sending: ATZ
ATZ
OK
--> Sending: ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 &D2 +FCLASS=0
ATQ0 V1 E1 S0=0 &C1 &D2 +FCLASS=0
OK
--> Sending: AT+CGDCONT = 1,"IP","indosatgprs","",0,0
AT+CGDCONT = 1,"IP","indosatgprs","",0,0
OK
--> Modem initialized.
--> Sending: ATDT*99#
--> Waiting for carrier.
ATDT*99#
CONNECT
~[7f]}#@!}!} } }2}#}$@#}!}$}%\}"}&} }*} } g}%~
--> Carrier detected.  Waiting for prompt.
~[7f]}#@!}!} } }2}#}$@#}!}$}%\}"}&} }*} } g}%~
--> PPP negotiation detected.
--> Starting pppd at Tue Jul  8 21:32:01 2008
--> Warning: Could not modify /etc/ppp/pap-secrets: Permission denied
--> --> PAP (Password Authentication Protocol) may be flaky.
--> Warning: Could not modify /etc/ppp/chap-secrets: Permission denied
--> --> CHAP (Challenge Handshake) may be flaky.
--> Pid of pppd: 6851
--> Using interface ppp0
--> pppd: [18]�[06][08]��[06][08]H�[06][08]
--> pppd: [18]�[06][08]��[06][08]H�[06][08]
--> pppd: [18]�[06][08]��[06][08]H�[06][08]
--> pppd: [18]�[06][08]��[06][08]H�[06][08]
--> local  IP address 10.33.210.176
--> pppd: [18]�[06][08]��[06][08]H�[06][08]
--> remote IP address 10.6.6.6
--> pppd: [18]�[06][08]��[06][08]H�[06][08]
--> primary   DNS address 202.155.0.10
--> pppd: [18]�[06][08]��[06][08]H�[06][08]
--> secondary DNS address 202.155.0.15
--> pppd: [18]�[06][08]��[06][08]H�[06][08]
Caught signal 2:  Attempting to exit gracefully...
--> Terminating on signal 15
--> pppd: [18]�[06][08]��[06][08]H�[06][08]
--> Connect time 0.9 minutes.
--> pppd: [18]�[06][08]��[06][08]H�[06][08]
--> pppd: [18]�[06][08]��[06][08]H�[06][08]
--> pppd: [18]�[06][08]��[06][08]H�[06][08]

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Now you can try to run your internet browser and open a website ......

12. Disconnecting

Type on terminal : <Ctrl> C

Here is the response :

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

...........

...........

--> Disconnecting at Tue Jul  8 21:33:01 2008

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

13.  Connecting again with the same setting

Just Type on terminal : wvdial <dialer name>
In my case I type : wvdial indosat

14. And So on .....................

That's All ............

Get the success .... :)